Top Easiest College Classes to Choose the Next Semester

Top Easiest College Classes to Choose the Next Semester Its not a secret that some of the college classes are easier than others. Such courses can be your â€Å"grade boosters† or allow you to make your studies less stressful. What are some easy classes to take in college? If you are looking for the list of easy college classes to boost your GPA, this article is just for you. 1. Film Studies/ Film History Film studies usually implies watching movies and analyzing them. Isnt this type of class that you would enjoy? We are sure you would. If there is something easier than watching a few movies a week for a course, tell us immediately. Anyway, film studies courses can bring you an easy A grade. 2. Creative Writing If you like making up stories or if you have a blog that you regularly write posts for, you will probably like the creative writing course. Creative writing is more about developing your imagination and creativity. Many students agree that this course is on the easy side and makes a great contrast to challenging classes in the schedule. You can read more about creative writing in our article. 3. Music or Art Appreciation Some students ask â€Å"What are some easy online college classes?† Art appreciation is not just an easy and exciting class but also one that you can take remotely. This class is all about different music genres and art movements and also about the history of their development. If you need to choose at least one course in arts, this one might be the best fit for you. It doesnt imply any challenging tests but a lot of interesting and exciting art objects to study. 4. Physical Education Physical education might be the easiest class ever. There are a lot of different activities that you can choose from. For example, yoga, aerobics or even archery. The majority of students like physical education as it is easy, fun and healthy. Its not surprising that we also included it into our list of  fun college classes that you would like to have in your weekly schedule. 5. Basic Anthropology For those who are interested in history, anthropology can become a real discovery. It is a class dedicated to social groups, civilizations, and cultures. Its not only very interesting but also very easy as it usually covers basic knowledge on the subject and doesnt require in-depth research from you. 6. Basic Psychology Basic psychology is also one of the classes that the majority of students find relaxing and very interesting to study. If your specialization doesnt imply in-depth psychology or sociology studying, this class is just what you need to have a general understanding of different processes in the human brain, human behavior, and character. It is one of the classes that will be legit useful for your daily life. Basic psychology can be suggested as one of the easy classes for college freshmen to choose without doubts. 7. Public Speaking This course is for everyone who is afraid of public performances and delivering speeches. Not only this class is easy but also very useful for your everyday life. It can help you improve your self-confidence and also  get rid of stage fright. This is the case when taking easy classes in college can be combined with actual benefit. 8. Foreign Language Introduction Studying a foreign language of your choice for one semester isnt that hard. You will start with an alphabet and basic words so this class will be relaxing compared to the rest of your classes. Eventually, even the basic knowledge of another language will add value to your resume in the future. You might even like the language so much that you will continue learning it after the class ends. How to Find Easy College Classes If you wonder how you can know for sure if the class that you are about to choose is easy or not, you might need to investigate the issue. Ask someone who has already taken this class or visit the forum dedicated to your learning institution. Students will definitely tell you if you should take the class or not. Another tip on choosing the easiest college courses is to make your choice and sign up as early as you can. Register when the majority of the places is not taken yet and you have plenty of options to choose from. In other cases, you will have to choose from what is left on the list. Of course, sometimes such unpopular courses turn out to be the easiest. We also have a list of the weirdest college courses ever existed: History of Furniture and Design (George Brown College) that basically implies learning about all the types of chairs and tables, fashion and styles. Elvish, the language of â€Å"Lord of the Rings† (The University of Wisconsin). Admit, you want to take that class to be able to talk to your friend without anyone understanding. Introduction to wines (Taylors University). Sounds too good to be true. Underwater Basket Weaving (Reed College). Wait, what? The History of Surfing (Kapiolani Community College). A course that will tell you about the exiting surfing facts. Or just surfing facts. Ice Cream Short Course (The Pennsylvania State College). Beware: you might need more than a short course. Tree Climbing (Cornell University). For those who want to improve this skill within a college program. The Art of Walking (University of San Francisco). Because you still dont know enough about how you need to walk. Philosophy and Star Trek (Georgetown University). For those who want to live long and prosper. The Joy of Garbage (Santa Clara University). A class that implies studying different types of garbage and methods of its recycling. Would you take some of these courses? Let us know! And dont forget that you need to take the courses that are interesting to you in the first place and which might come in handy in your life or work.

Reader Piqued By French Mutilations

Reader Piqued By French Mutilations Reader Piqued By French Mutilations Reader Piqued By French Mutilations By Maeve Maddox Mari, one of our readers, writes: Perhapsyou could address a problem that seems to have reached epidemic proportions: the difference between pique, peek and peak. Recently I have been inundated with people giving sneak peaks and having their curiosity peeked. I pointed out the peak for peek spelling myself in an earlier article. Its an easy mistake to make since ee and ea are alternate English spellings for the long e sound. Misspelling the French word pique is a shame since it looks so cool. And theres not much excuse for doing so. English writers dont seem to have any trouble with the word unique which is spelled according to the same pattern. Mari is also troubled by the cutesy spelling of French Voil as Walla. while youre at it, perhaps you would add Voila I might be forced to blind myself if I see Walla again. I suppose that people who write Voil as walla may feel its closer to the French pronunciation, but even if it were, which it isnt that much, the weird spelling walla is confusing. It makes me think of wallah as in laundry wallah. When I googled walla, I discovered that the word actually has meanings. Walla is radio broadcasting jargon for a sound effect imitating the murmur of a crowd in the background. The word walla is a way of swearing by God in Arabic. Walla! is an Israeli internet news portal, search engine, and email service provider. While were on the subject of mutilations of French expressions, heres one that gets me. chaise longue a chair that holds up the sitters legs; a deck chair Americans long ago changed the longue, meaning long, to lounge, since that is what one does on such a chair. Chaise lounge no longer bothers me, but I do have expectations regarding the pronunciation of chaise, My preferred pronunciation is /shez/, but Ill even settle for /chaiz/. The fingernail scraped the blackboard, however, when I watched a Wal-mart television ad for lawn furniture the other evening. The cheery salesman wanted to sell his customer a chase lounge. Here are a few other French words and expressions that should be written or spoken with care. chic /sheek/ stylish coup de grà ¢ce /ku dÉ™ grahs/ (literally mercy blow) killing a wounded creature to end its suffering. dà ©j vu /day jah voo/ (literally, already seen) the feeling that one is experiencing an event that has happened previously. It is NOT amusing when people say dà ©j vu all over again. faux /foe/ (false) jewelers often advertise faux pearls. Copywriters must take care not to write ads offering genuine faux pearls. fiancà © /fee ahn say/ man engaged to be married fiancà ©e /fee ahn say/ woman engaged to be married hors doeuvre /or derve/ (literally out of or apart from the work, i.e., the main course) Thought: People who write walla for voil probably say /hors duvers/ for hors doeuvres. risquà © /ris kay/ off-color, naughty, as in a risquà © joke. RSVP (abbreviation for Rà ©pondez sil vous plaà ®t, Reply if it pleases you) Added to invitations for which the host wishes to know if the guest is coming or not. Please RSVP is redundant, but common. visvis /vee zah vee/ (literally face to face) The French meaning was once more common in English than it is now. Dancers were said to dance visvis. There was a style of horse-drawn coach called a visvis in which passengers sat facing one another. Now, however, visvis is used more often to mean in relation to as in these headlines: Senior Citizens vis a- vis the Indian Society Vietnam vis a vis Iraq in Congressional DebateLessons Learned? Or Biases Deeply Ingrained? NATION-STATES VIS-A-VIS ETHNOCULTURAL MINORITIES The headlines also illustrate the various ways that visvis is written in English. Voil! /vwah lah/ (There it is!) If you decide to eschew the walla spelling, take a close look at the vowels and the direction of the accent mark. Dont write voil or viol. voir dire /vwar deer/ (literally to see to say) a legal term youve probably heard on Law and Order. It refers to jury selection. So, spice up your speech and writing with French words and expressions. Just dont mutilate them when you do. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?60 Synonyms for â€Å"Trip†9 Forms of the Past Tense

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis - Case Study Example He speaks in a stream of words that refer to the world and how â€Å"screw up it is†, when he reflects back on the traumatic experience he underwent. Signs of PTSD can be activated by sounds, memories, and dreams linked to the past trauma (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). In addition, seeing the objects or the people who may have taken some part in the trauma may trigger the symptoms of PTSD. He desperately wants to call his sister because he feels that she could be a source of solace when he is in problems. Jack exhibits post-traumatic stress symptoms, which are classified into three DSM IV categories. First is the persistent re-experiencing of the incident, which is also referred to as the intrusive signs. In this category, the victim could be experiencing vivid recollections, nightmares and a feeling of re-living the incident. Second is the persistent evasion of any stimuli, which might remind them of the traumatic condition. Finally, is a state where the victim experiences hyperaousal condition that causes hepervigilance, sleep interruption, and startle reflexes (Yehuda et al. 2002). The consequence of all these behaviors is some level of mental distortion, which prevents the victims from taking part in their daily activities. Other signs include bad temper, emotional liability, agitation, and sometimes eruption of violent behavior. If Jack is not treated on time, he may result to substance abuse in an attempt to seek self medication. Depending on the duration that Jack has suffered from this disorder since he experienced the traumatic event, the disorder can be categorized based on the DSM IV 4 including acute stress reaction, acute PTSD, chronic PTSD and delayed onset of PTSD. A multiaxial Diagnostic System commonly denoted as DSM-IV-TR uses diagnostic system with 5 levels used in the classification of disorders and illnesses. These five levels assist whoever is providing a

Nursing - Staffing Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing - Staffing Issue - Essay Example Although the government has attempted to develop robot nurses, the scientists are yet to succeed in that front. Up to date all nurses are still human thus the need to adopt staffing policies in consideration that the players are human in nature (Roussel, 2011). Staff ratio Staffing ratio entails the number of registered nurse per patient. The ratio could compare the registered nurse per surgical or hospitalized patient. Further, the ratio could be a registered nurse per shift or per patient day. It is imperative for the proportion to be as low down as feasible so that a lesser number of patients is assigned to registered nurses. Nurses being human, also suffer fatigue and exhaustion. When exhausted, a nurse’s effectiveness deteriorates and could lead to the death or atrophication of the patient’s health (Finkelman & Kenner, 2012). Shift rotation and duration Nursing can be structured in shifts whereby the nurses have specific times when they would be on duty. The length and time of the shift is critical in the effectiveness of the nurse. Ideally, the nurse should be on duty for the duration in which s/he is able to concentrate fully. Patients whether surgical or hospitalized would need attention and the nurse should be at her/his best to give attention. When a shift takes too long, the nurse would suffer from fatigue and lose concentration (Griffin, 2011). This gives leeway for the occurrence of procedural or medical errors. The duration must therefore, be long enough to cover for the economic ability of the hospital management but also short enough to guarantee the concentration of nurses. The shifts must also be rotated among the nurses. It is prudent to spread the shifts to all the nurses so that everyone enjoys the burdens in a particular shift. This especially relates to the night shifts which is usually less convenient for most nurses. It is important to provide incentives that would encourage participation by nurses in the night shifts. The management must however consider other factors such as the age of the nurses, marital status and family commitments in electing the night shift nurses (Griffin, 2011). Overtime and weekend staffing Nurses may be forced to work overtime due to strained resources. However, this is risky and should be a measure of last resort. An overtime worker has never been productive in any industry. The nursing profession is more delicate as it deals with the life of patients. It is proper to avoid working nurses overtime as this compromises their effectiveness hence poor delivery which translates to higher risk of hospital mortality. The management should adopt the more difficult option of hiring more nurses rather than opting for overtime (Fernandez, 2010). Weekend staffing is inevitable considered that patients do not cure during weekends. Policy formulators need to appreciate that packages must be friendlier to attract nurses to work over the weekends. The effectiveness of a nurse working ove r the weekend is however not compromised by the fact that the days are weekends (Fernandez, 2010). Empirical evidence Research has attempted to estimate the ratio of hospital mortality to nursing hours. In this analysis, hospital mortality refers to death in the hospital or within thirty days after admission in the hospital. Research has proven that an increase in the

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Nguyen Ngoc Gia Linh Case Study the Wasp Sting Wasps are the order Hymenoptera family which contain venom and poisonous substance can have transmitted to human through a sting (Carl and Max 2016). A 10- year- old girl in the case was stung by a wasp while playing at school. For approximately 20 hours, she had an asymptomatic that includes sharp pain, burning in the initial sensation, redness, swelling and itching. Because the wasps venom contains phospholipase A, phospholipase B and mastoparan peptide which effect directly to mast cell degranulation and also release of histamine. In addition, ischemia increases the inflammatory response with subsequent vasodilation and increases capillary permeability with redness at the site of the sting to the patient (Carl and Max 2016). Unfortunately, the patient passed away on day 5 due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and hypersensitivity. This report will focus on explanation of the innate immune reaction which can disrupt the normal function of each the several stated physiologi cal systems during the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). An innate immune system is the adaptive immune responses which can be maintained activation of a pathogen and made of defences against infection (KhanAcademy 2014). There are many types of cell in the innate immune system in order to work together for defendant and protection human body. However, the progression requires in both elements of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. The cellular components consist of lymphocytes with both T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cells; macrophages; and mast cells. On the other hand, the humoral factors include immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokines (Carl and Max 2016). Moreover, the group of blood protein act as disruption of the membranes microorganism to produce an inflammatory response and to arrange the forces of the adaptive immune system (Alberts et al. 2002). In this situation, the most influence is mast cells which are found in mucous membranes, connect tissues to heal wound and defence the pathogens via the inflammatory response. Basically, when mast cells are activated, the particle cytokines are released during this process which contains chemical molecules such as histamine, phospholipases, and neurotoxins to produce an inflammatory cascade and act as messenger service or warning for circulating threats (Zhang and An 2009). Some of the venoms of hymenopterous insects include bees, wasps which contain some of the enzymes such as small proteins and peptides; phospholipases and histamine (Voronov et al. 1999). Histamine is going to play a pathophysiological regulatory role in cellular for binding four subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Furthermore, histamine produces many of the effects of inflammatory and hypersensitivity that affect increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction. Some above classic symptoms lead to the signs of allergic reaction which cause inducing increased blood flow from capillaries into the tissues and vasodilatation (Benly 2015). In addition, smooth muscles are arou nd the trachea that is contracted by histamine to make difficulty breathe or suffocation (Lauren 2012). However, the dangerous circumstance with the patient makes lots of IgE antibodies in response to wasp toxins that can cause triggers degranulation of mast cells. In such a case, the release blood fluid into the tissues reduces the blood volume that the heart induces inefficiently pump and create a heart attack. The innate immune response such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome-SIRS disrupts the homeostatic function of following three main systems that include respiratory system, cardiovascular system and renal system. Firstly, a girl patient was diagnosed with SIRS that include reference to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury (ALI). ALI and ARDS occur on hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis and pulmonary hypertension. These were defined a pulmonary endothelial dysfunction that caused alveolar oedema because of high protein secretion and phagocytic immune cells (Janet et al. 2014). The activity of neutrophils are increased the high concentrations of pro- inflammatory cytokines to migrate damaged endothelium that influence alveolar denudation damage the basal membrane (Janet et al. 2014). Neutrophils are in the lungs which effect of IL-8 and the concentration of cytokine in patients with ARDS is correlated with mortality. Blood carries oxygen and other essential substances to your organs and tissues. However, when the gas exchange functions are failed in oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, these are classified hypoxia and hypercapnia. Hypoxia is characterised by an arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) which is lower than 60 mm Hg. Hypercapnia respiratory failure is characterized by a PaCO2 that is higher than 50 mm Hg (David 2000). On the other hand, the decreased blood supply to various cells and tissues due to tissues hypoxia that leads increase in respiratory rate to take in more oxygen. Consequently, the patient was increased respiratory rate of 59 breaths per minute (normally breath rate is 15- 30 breaths per minute with 6- 10 years old) (Edward 2015). Normally, the blood oxygen saturation is 95%- 100%, but the patient got below 90% oxygen. There must not be able to take up the oxygen for inhaling and carbon dioxide for exhaling. In addition, the lungs in ARDS also affect to brain functions that the patient becomes confused and disor iented. In this conditions, concentrating ability are impaired and it also lost awareness of time and place because blood flow significantly reduce and the ability of oxygen absorption is also limited. In this case, the girl administrated of chlorpheniramine maleate which had some of the side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, or headache. Moreover, certain human disorders are attributed to the activity of the immune system that is commonly known as hypersensitivities. Both the heart and blood vessels are sensitive to cause vasodilatation in SIRS that act on histamine H1-receptors of dilation in blood vessels. In hypovolemia, tachycardia is initiated as a response in acting on H2- receptors where the blood volume decreases (Benly 2015).When the patient suffers around 124 beats per minute in heart rate and the vasoconstriction decrease which is moderate tachycardia or known as stage 3 of hypovolemic shock. As a result, the patients exhibited a weak peripheral pulse and an unrecordable blood pressure because the ventricles do not have enough time to fill with blood before heart contracts. In systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), organ dysfunction and high- risk factors for multiple organ failures influent renal failure. The circulatory dysfunction of acute renal failure is involved both vascular and tubular factor that reduce in renal blood flow with falling oxygen and substrate delivery to the tubule cells (Robert et al. 2004). On the other hand, the creatinine will be released by the muscle cells and transported to the kidneys to be excreted from the body in urine. The kidney failure causes high urinary creatinine level and obstructions within the urinary tract. Base on all the symptoms, the girl is immediate hypersensitivities, which is severe response to an antigen. Sensitization to an allergen during the initial exposure leads to the production of large immunoglobulin E (IgE) which is mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils (Frederic et al. 2015). Moreover, the patient used two kinds of drugs: chlorpheniramine maleate and dexamethasone, which did not work with patients symptoms. Chlorpheniramine maleate is the most widely used of the classical antihistamine that used in allergic reactions. And, dexamethasone is investigated that the effect of glucocorticoids and blocked a natural chemical during an allergic rejection. However, hypersensitivity is a contraindication in both dexamethasone and chlorpheniramine maleate, so the patient should not take these when she has serious symptoms (TabletWise). Basically, there is no cure for hypersensitivity disease but the treatment strategy is controlling the symptom. Although type I hypersensitivity reactions can cause significantly inconvenience in terms of their signs and symptoms. However, the most important medication has been shown to use along with emergency medical treatment of hypersensitivity that is epinephrine (Becky 2015). Epinephrine is in a class of medications called ÃŽÂ ±- and ÃŽÂ ²-adrenergic agonists which it works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels. Normally, it is injected at the first sign of a serious reaction subcutaneously (under the skin) or intramuscularly (into the muscle). It should inject when patient is suspected about some serious signs of allergic reaction include itching, swelling, skin redness, fast heart beat, weak pulse, confusion, and losing control of urine (Epinephrine Injection). References: Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., et al. (2002) Innate Immunity. in Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. [online] available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26846/ > [22 March 2016] Benly, P. (2015) Role of Histamine in Acute Inflammation Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research [online] avalible from http://www.jpsr.pharmainfo.in/Documents/Volumes/vol7Issue06/jpsr07061526.pdf > [22 March 2016] Becky, B. (2015) Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions Treatment Management. Medscape [online] available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/136217-treatment > [22 March 2016] Carl, A., and Max, V. (2016) Wasp Stings: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. Medscape.com. [online] available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/169324-overview#a6 > [22 March 2016] Edward, C. (2015) Normal Vital Signs Medscape [online] available from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2172054-overview > [22 March 2016] Innate immunity (2014) KhanAcademy [online] available from https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/organ-systems/the-immune-system/a/innate-immunity > [22 March 2016] Janet, M., Mark, J., Yen, C., Antonio, B., Karim, B., Elizabeth, J., Leo, K., Paul, K., Richard, J. (2014) The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. The Lancet [online] available from http://thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60687-5/fulltext > [22 March 2016] Zhang, J and An, J. (2009) Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain. HHS Public Access [online] available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785020/ > [22 March 2016]

Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases

Should Juvenile Be Charged as Adults in Criminal Cases? Robert Horn Post University The purpose of the Adult Criminal Justice system is to punish offenders according to the severity of the crime committed. The juvenile justice system’s aim is to rehabilitate or mentor the juvenile offenders, in the hope that they can prevent further crimes, and to change their behavior. The motivating principle of the juvenile system is rehab. The reason for this is because juveniles are not fully developed, mentally or physically.Many Juvenile offenders come from broken homes, been abused, or come from bad neighborhoods. Juvenile offenders need a second chance, because they have not even received a first chance. Rehabilitation is the best option for them because of the way they would be exploited and turned into criminals if they were sent directly to prison. If given the chance, the Juvenile Justice System can aid in successfully rehabilitating youthful offenders so they are not inclined to commit future crimes. With this reasoning, juveniles cannot be blamed or accountable for their actions the same way adults are.The Justice System fulfills and important function by establishing standards of conduct. It defines what is right and wrong for people and removes them from the responsibility of taking vengeance out on those who wronged them, which deters the escalation of feuds in the community. The Justice System also protects the rights of citizens by establishing and honoring the principle that freedom shouldn’t be denied without a good reason. Rehabilitation does have its objective: to return offenders to their communities as cured members of the society. Efforts in the 1980’s and 1990’s were unsuccessful.There was no one program that was more effective in the effort to rehabilitate youthful offenders than any other program. Because of this, a large portion of released offenders continued to return (Murphy 49). This led many people to believe that the best alternative was to simply remove offenders from the community, preventing vexation and exploitation. Because criminals are more often considered to be inclined to commit crimes than those never convicted of a crime, it follows that some benefits will be derived from incarcerating convicted criminals.The potential of incarceration is great as a method of crime control if it is only a few hardened criminals who commit the most crimes. If those criminals can be identified, sentenced, and incarcerated for long periods of time, there would be a significant reduction in crime. Most supports of correctional reform have this view on the population of criminals. Blame for most of the crimes committed is most often place on a relatively few predatory, compulsive individuals thought to commit a large number of crimes each year (Newburn 54).The last and final goal of this reform movement is reestablishing retribution. Retribution is the most moral of all penal goals. There is an elemen t of rage included because the victim deserves the right to be repaid with pain for the harm suffered. Justice is achieved when the punished given to the offender is equal to the level of harm coming from the criminal act. Consequently, social balance is reestablished and maintained within the society. When it comes to juvenile offenders, the rules are thrown out the window.There is a separate legal system for them and they are also categorized differently. By federal standards, any juvenile who is under the age of 18 who has committed a crime is a juvenile delinquent. This is a decision that society has made. Society believes that there are important and serious differences between adults and juveniles. A one-size-fits-all approach is not wanted and will make the situation worse. Juvenile offenders are easiest to influence and are also the easiest to bend.It is believed that the actions a juvenile criminal might be influenced by outside sources such as neglect from parents, bad liv ing conditions, or poor relationships with the family. Because of these factors, rehabilitation is a popular and attractive option in dealing with juveniles. Many of the rehabilitation programs ask that juvenile offenders with behavior problems meet with adult tutors to produce a stable, trustworthy friendship, which is expected to influence juveniles and to reduce their anti-social behavior (Maruna and Ward 33). Such a change in behavior is ade possible due to the trust and friendship between juvenile and adult – who can listen and care about the problems the juveniles may have, a role model, good advice giver, etc. In such a way, these mentoring programs may play a part on juvenile crime reduction. The goal of rehabilitation is to create law-abiding behavior and to encourage juveniles to know the consequences of what they do and to become law-abiding citizens. It can be a challenging process because it requires the use of the proverbial carrot and stick. The use of coercion and socialization is seen in child rising.With young children, coercion is the only effective control. If a small child goes into the street, the child is disciplined and is told if he or she does it again, they will be punished again. These threats tend to be only effective when they are accepted; otherwise, people seek ways to bend the rules, or may blatantly disobey prohibitions. By sending such juveniles to prison my not prove to be an effective deterrent. Rather, it may be more effective to understand the socialization process of a juvenile, and try to re-wire it while the young person is still malleable.Vedder explains this: To use sociological lingo: the juvenile acquires the delinquent behavior as he does any other cultural trait of the cultural heritage passed on to him by his group conformist delinquency, stressing the fact the child becomes delinquent through conforming with the behavior pattern in his group† (9) Positive adult guidance, understanding, and support can divert young offenders and also criminals from involvement in crimes and acts of disobedience and also to help them join in on the rules of and behaviors of local communities (Murphy 53).To put it another way: what young offenders need are good adult role models. This can be found in quality rehabilitation programs. Most young offenders have started off on the wrong path, and they imitate the most irresponsible or abusive members of their social set or family. With proper guidance and role models, juveniles can begin to adjust their behavior. It is important to know that instead of looking at rehabilitation programs as a form of punishment, young offenders taking part of such programs should now that they are voluntary and consider them a positive opportunity to change their lives for the best. Such understanding does not come at once. The rehabilitation process can be a long, with juveniles provided with meetings, instructions, training and conferences. By providing juveniles w ith a positive adult role model, supervision, and continual training, mentoring programs aim to reduce the risk of a drift into numerous crimes. These of course, are not the exclusive means of rehabilitation.It may be suitable to mix a softer approach with detention in a Juvenile Center or to take similar action. The carrot and stick is again a key analogy. Detention applied to juvenile offenders has been debated for years. Its advocates argue that it would prevent crime by detaining those offenders that are likely to re-offend (Russel 85). Its adversaries claim that it is unfair because it allows a judge to make a choice about a person’s future behavior. Because no one can accurately predict behavior, particularly criminality, the chances of mistakes are large (Maruna and Ward 83).During the rehabilitation period, the type of sentencing most used is the indeterminate sentence. Legislatures have set wide ranges for sentencing, and judges measure out minimums and maximums that have a wide range. This allows personnel in corrections the discretion of releasing offenders once they are reformed. No one other than correctional authorities cared for this system. Inmates did not like it because their release depended on the whims of the parole board, and the inmates never knew for sure when they would be released (Russel 61).Judges and the public did not like it because the prison term served was never the same as the actual sentence and was almost always shorter. Juvenile laws stipulate that if a young criminal committed a serious crime, they could be â€Å"waived† to the adult court system. The number of â€Å"waived† juveniles each year comes out to be around 8,000 (Deitch). This â€Å"waiver† system is used in all states except for Nebraska, New York, and New Mexico. The only time in these states when the â€Å"waiver† is applied is crimes that include murders or intentional killing of several people.After examining the case, ju dges decided whether the juvenile should be tried as a juvenile or an adult. There are new laws specifying set lengths of sentences for juvenile offenses that allow for modification of the time served based on circumstances associated with a given incident (Russel 66). In some cases, a youth offender gets sentenced to five years, but he or she is only 15 at the time, he or she will not be transferred to the adult prison. Law states that a young offender should be detained in a special jail with other offenders until the age of 18 (Murphy).While most young offenders are worthy of rehabilitation, society states that some are not. There are criminals of all ages who should be imprisoned due to the nature of their crimes. To say that the best way to deal with juveniles is to rehabilitate them is not to say that this method is perfect or will it work in every case. It is the best choice, due to the consideration of issues at hand. Depending on the severity of the crime, and the history o f the offender, there are some instances where the age of the offender does not matter.In 2006, in Omaha Nebraska, Cameron Williams is facing up to 110 years in prison for second-degree murder attempts and also using a weapon to commit a felony. Cameron Williams is 16 years old, and is being charged in the adult courts due to his troublesome past and the â€Å"serious nature of his crime. † (Khan, 2010) In 1999, Lionel Tate, at the time 12, was the youngest juvenile offender in American history to be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Tate was charged for the death of a 6 year old while practicing wrestling moves on her.Such instances of these arrests show that depending on the severity of the crime, being a youth doesn’t matter in sentencing. (Reaves, 2001) Rehabilitation is part of a policy for young offenders who have entered the criminal justice system. The policies and programs, which help juveniles to escape imprisonment, are parole an d probation. Restriction of the opportunity for parole and probation are often accompanied by new sentencing legislation. Many states have made it difficult to be placed on probation for certain offenses and impossible for serious ones.Parole, which is defined as the conditional early release from prison under supervision in the community, has been restricted in many states. A return to determinacy and the abandonment of rehabilitation eliminates the need for parole, which, in theory, was designed to help the young offender prepare to reenter the community (Murphy 71). However, parole serves as another important function in controlling inmates in prison, and is one of the few rewards that can be manipulated. Because of this reason, many states have retained it.The Administration of parole has been changed so that the sentence rather than the paroling authority determines the date of the parole hearing. Good Behavior Credit for time served-receiving extra credit for time served while maintaining good behavior-is another form of reward used in prison to control the inmates. Because of the way it reduces the amount of time an individual will serve, and modifies the original sentence; many states have considered eliminating it. However, heavy protesting against the legislation by correctional personnel has prevented its elimination.Young people are less responsible and more malleable than adults. Many juvenile offenders who break the law have come from broken homes and abusive families. Some have never received the support that they deserve. Because they are young, and have many years ahead of them, our society has chosen to separate them from adult criminals, and to make an effort to rehabilitate them. This makes senses, because the cost of retribution is simply too much in many of their cases, and the burden on the criminal justice system and our moral compass would be insupportable. ReferencesCrow, J. The Treatment and Rehabilitation of Offenders. Sage Publicat ions Ltd, 2001 Deitch, Michele, et. al. From Time Out to Hard Time: Young Children in the Adult Criminal Justice System, Austin, TX: The University of Texas at Austin, LBJ School of Public Affairs, 2009. Khan, K. (2010, July 12). Juvenile justice: Too young for life in prison?. Retrieved from http://abcnews. go. com/Politics/life-prison-juvenile-offenders-adult-courts/story? id=11129594 Maruna, S. , Ward, T. Rehabilitation (Key Ideas in Criminology). Routledge; New edition, 2007.Murphy, J. G. Punishment and Rehabilitation. Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999. Newburn, T. Criminology. Willan Publishing, 2007. Reaves, J. (2001, May 17). Should the law treat kids and adults differently?. Retrieved from http://www. time. com/time/nation/article/0,8599,110232,00. html Russel, C. Alternatives to Prison: Rehabilitation and Other Programs (Incarceration Issues: Punishment, Reform, and Rehabilitation). Mason Crest Publishers; Library Binding edition, 2006. Vedder, C. B. The Juvenile Offender: Perspective and Readings. Random House, 2002.

Rhetorical Analysis Of Lucas s The Art Of Public Speaking

Lisa, head publisher of a rising publishing firm company. She starts her day by speaking to her publicity team on some new marketing strategies. Lisa then spends time on the phone talking with all of the editors she represents. At a lunch meeting Lisa talks to the executive board on a couple of manuscripts she has been championing. Would one think that Lisa is a public speaker? Most people would say no, but after reading Stephen Lucas the Art of Public Speaking, I have learned that Lisa is a public speaker and is using her public speaking skills to inform her coworkers. Chapter 15 is about speaking to inform an audience. Lucas begins this chapter with the types of informative speeches and some analysis and organization skills for each topic. There are many ways to classify an informative speech, Lucas breaks it down into four main topics: objects, processes, events, and concepts. Lucas begins this chapter by speaking on speeches about objects. Lucas defines an object as â€Å"Object s include anything that is visible, tangible, and stable to form. †¦ Here are examples of subjects for speeches about objects e-book readers, Susan B. Anthony, service dogs, titanium, human eye and Golden Gate Bridge† (Lucas, 2012, pg. 278.). Lucas reminds us that whatever subject a speaker will pick they must know that they will not be able to tell everything on the subject. To instead pick the most important ideas the speaker wants to get across and use those to develop a main point. Next Lucas showsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Written Speech Analysis - Sunni Brown- Doodlers, Unite!1288 Words   |  6 Pageswere successful or unsuccessful. Brown’s speech was delivered in a problem-solution structure as evidenced by her two main points; ‘the reality of Doodling’ and ‘the benefits of Doodling’. The â€Å"Problem-Solution Order† is defined in Lucas’ The Art of Public Speaking (2012, p. 172) as â€Å"A method of speech organisation in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem†. As the speech progresses, it becomes quite clear thatRead MoreFactor Affecting Public Speaking Anxiety5792 Words   |  24 Pagesdo the task of speaking in public due to discomfort of being viewed upon by the classmates or the audience and does create inferiority in delivering a certain speech. Public speaking is a common source of stress for everyone especially to students who are not used to speak in front of public because of fear to be criticized by others. Many would like to avoid this situation completely, but that is difficult to accomplish. Oral communication anxiety or commonly known as public speaking anxiety is oneRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. Peter Holdt Christensen, Associate Professor, Copenhagen Business School, Denmark McAuley et al.’s book is thought-provoking, witty and highly relevant for understanding contemporary organizational dilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore